Male and Female Perpetrated Partner Abuse: Testing a Diathesis-Stress Model 

by Reena Sommer

References

Table of Contents

REFERENCES

Arias, I. & Beach, S. R. H. (1987). Validity of self-reports of
marital violence. Journal of Family Violence, 2 (2), 139-149.

Bandura, A. (1965). Influence of models' reinforcement contingencies
on the acquisition of imitative responses. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 1, 589-595.

Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1979). The social learning perspective: Mechanisms of
aggression. In H. Toch (Ed.). Psychology of Crime and Criminal
Justice. New York, N. Y.: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A
Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall.

Barnes, G. E. & Murray, R. P. (1989). Personality and drug abuse.
Winnipeg Health and Drinking Survey. Health and Welfare Canada
(Project No. 66071474DA): Winnipeg, Canada.

Barnes, G. E., Greenwood, L. & Sommer, R. (1991). Courtship violence
in a Canadian sample of male college students. Family Relations,
40, 34-48.

Barnes, G. E., Sommer, R. & Murray, R. P. (1992). Alcohol
consumption, alcohol dependence, personality and spouse abuse.
Unpublished paper. University of Manitoba: Winnipeg, Canada.

Barnes, G. E., Sommer, R., Murray, R. P. & Patton, D. (1994).
Personality, alcohol consumption, alcohol abuse and male
perpetrated spouse abuse. Under review.

Barnett, O. W., Fagan, R. W. Booker, J. M. (1991). Hostility and
stress as mediators of aggression in violent men. Journal of Family
Violence, 6 (3), 217-239.

Beckman, L. J. (1978). Self-esteem of women alcoholics. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol, 39, 491-498.

Bernard, M. L. & Bernard, J. L. (1983). Violent intimacy: The family
as a model for love relationships. Family Relations, 32, 283-286.

Bland, R. & Orn, H. (1986). Family violence and psychiatric disorder.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 129-137.

Bograd, M. (1984). Family systems approaches to wife battering: A
feminist critique. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54 (4),
558-568.

Brinkerhoff, M. B. & Lupri, E. (1988). Interspousal violence.
Canadian Journal of Sociology, 13 (4), 407-434.

Brook, D. W. & Brook, J. S. (1992). Family processes associated with
alcohol and drug use and abuse.  In E. Kaufman & P. Kaufman (Eds.),
Family Therapy of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Boston, Mass.: Allyn and
Bacon.

Browne, A. (1987). When Battered Women Kill. New York, N.Y.: The Free
Press.

Browning, J. & Dutton, D. (1986). Assessment of wife assault with the
Conflict Tactics Scale:  Using couple data to quantify the
differential reporting effect. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
48, 375-379.

Brutz, J. L. & Ingoldsby, B. B. (1984). Conflict resolution in Quaker
families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 21-26.

Burgess, R. L. & Youngblade, L. M. (1988). Social incompetence and
the intergenerational transmission of abusive parental practices.
In G. T. Hotaling, D. Finkelhor, J. T. Kirkpatrick & M. A. Straus
(Eds.) Family Abuse and Its Consequences: New Directions in
Research. Newbury Park, Calif.:Sage Publications.

Buskist, W. & Gerbing, D. W. (1990). Psychology: Boundaries and
Frontiers. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher
Education.

Buss, A. H. & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early Developing
Personality Traits. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Publishers.

Cahalan, D. & Cisin, I. H. (1986). American drinking practices:
Summary of the findings of a national probability sample. I. Extent
of drinking by population subgroups. Quarterly Journal of Studies
on Alcohol, 29, 130-151.

Cappell, C. & Heiner, R. B. (1990). The intergenerational
transmission of family aggression. Journal of Family Violence, 5
(2), 135-152.

Caputo, R. K. (1988). Managing domestic violence in two urban police
districts. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social
Work, 498-504.

Carmines, E. G. & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and Validity
Assessment. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage Publications.

Check, J. V. & Malamuth, N. (1985). An empirical assessment of some
feminist hypotheses about rape.  International Journal of Women's
Studies, 8 (4), 414- 423.

Chimbos, P. (1978). Marital Violence: A Study of Interpersonal
Homicide. San Francisco, Calif.: R & E Research Association.

Cleary, P.D. & Angel, R. (1984).  The analysis of relationships
involving dichotomous dependent variables.  Journal of Health and
Social Behavior, 25, 334-348.

Coleman, D. H. & Straus, M. A. (1983). Alcohol abuse and family
violence.  In E. Gottheil, K. A. Druley, T. E. Skoloda & H. M.
Waxman (Eds.), Alcohol, Drug Use and Aggression. Springfield,
Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers.

Coleman, D. H. & Straus, M. A. (1986). Marital power, conflict and
violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples.
Violence and Victims, 1 (2), 141-157.

Coleman, D. H. & Straus, M. A. (1990). Marital power, conflict, and
violence in a nationally representative sample of American couples.
In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical Violence in
American Families. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction
Publishers.

Coleman, H. & Charles, G. (1990). Family violence. CanadianJournal of
Home Economics, 40 (4), 174-178.

Cronbach, L. J., Gleser, G. C., Nanda, H. & Rajaratnam, N. (1972).
The Dependability of Behavioral Measurements: Theory of
Generalizability for Scores and Profiles. New York, N.Y.: John
Wiley & Sons.

Davison, G. C. & Neale, J. M. (1990). Abnormal Psychology. New York,
N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons.

DeMaris, A., Pugh, M. D. & Harman, E. (1992). Sex differences in the
accuracy of recall of witnesses of portrayed dyadic violence.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 335-345.

Dobash, R. E. & Dobash, R. (1979). Violence against Wives: A Case
against the Patriarchy. New York: Free Press.

Downs, W. R., Miller, B. A. & Gondoli, D. M. (1987). Childhood
experiences of parental physical violence for alcohol women as
compared with a randomly selected household sample of women.
Violence and Victims, (2), 225-239.

Dutton, D. G. (1987). The criminal justice response to wife assault.
Law and Human Behaviour, 11 (3), 189-206.

Dutton, D. G. (1988). Profiling of wife assaulters: Preliminary
evidence for a trimodal analysis.  Violence and Victims, 3 (1),
5-29.

Earlywine, M., Fine, P. R. & Martin, C. S. (1990). Personality risk
and alcohol consumption: A latent variable analysis. Addictive
Behaviors, 15(2), 183-187.

Egley, L. C. (1991). What changes the societal prevalence of domestic
violence? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 885-897.

Elliot, F. A. (1982). Biological contributions to family violence. In
F. A. Elliot (Ed.), Clinical Approaches to Family Violence.
Philadelphia, Penn.

Emery, R. E. (1989). Family violence. American Psychologist, 44 (2),
321-328.

Eysenck, H. J. (1965). Fact and Fiction in Psychology. Baltimore,
Maryland: Penguin Books.

Eysenck, H. J. (1977). Crime and Personality. London, England:
Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck, H. J., Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). EDITS Manual. San Diego,
California: EDITS/Educational and Industrial Testing Services.

Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and Individual
Differences. New York, N. Y.: Plenum Press.

Eysenck, S. B. G.  & Eysenck, S. B. G. & Barrett, P. (1985). A
revised version of the psychoticism scale. Personality and
Individual Differences, 6, 21-29.

Farrington, K. (1986). The application of stress theory to the study
of family violence.  Principles, problems and prospects. Journal of
Family Violence, 1 (2), 131-147.

Finkelhor, D. (1983). Common features in family violence.  In D.
Finkelhor, R. J. Gelles, G. Hotaling & M. A. Straus (Eds.) The Dark
Side of Families. Beverly Hills, Ca.: Sage Publications.

Fitch, F. J. & Papantonio, A. (1983). Men who batter: Some pertinent
characteristics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171 (3),
190-192.

Flynn, C. P. (1987). Relationship violence: A model for family
professionals. Family Relations, 36, 295-299.

Flynn, C. P. (1990). Relationship violence by women: Issues and
implications. Family Relations, 39, 194-198.

Foss, J. E. (1980). The paradoxical nature of family relationships
and family conflict.  In M. A. Straus & G. T. Hotaling (Eds.),  The
Social Causes of Husband-Wife Violence. Minneapolis, Minn.:
University of Minnesota Press.

Frieze, I. H. & Schafer, P. C. (1984). Alcohol use and marital
violence: Female and male differences in reactions to alcohol.  In
S. C. Wilsnack & L. J. Beckman (Eds.), Alcohol Problems in Women:
Antecedents, Consequences and Interventions. New York, N.Y.:
Guilford Press.

Gelles, R. J. (1974). The Violent Home: A Study of Physical
Aggression between Husbands and Wives. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage
Publications.

Gelles, R. J. (1979). Battered wives. In J. P. Martin (Ed.), Violence
in the Family. London, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Gelles, R. J. & Maynard, P. E. (1987). A structural family systems
approach to intervention in cases of family violence. Family
Relations, 36, 270-275.

Gelles, R. J. & Straus, M. A. (1988). Intimate Violence: The Causes
and Consequences of Abuse in the American Family. New York, N.Y.:
Simon & Schuster , Inc.

Gerson, L. W. (1978). Alcohol-related acts of violence: Who was
drinking and when the acts occurred. Journal of Studies on Alcohol,
39 (7), 1294-1296.

Goldsmith, E. (1984). Violence in the Jewish family. Reform Judaism,
12 (2), 34-39.

Goldstein, D. & Rosenbaum, A. (1985). An evaluation of the
self-esteem of maritally violent men. Family Relations, 34,
425-428.

Gondolf, E. W. (1985). Fighting for control: A clinical assessment of
men who batter. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social
Work, 66, 48-57.

Gondolf, E. W. (1988). Who are those guys? Toward a behavioral
typology. Violence and Victims, 3 (3), 187-203.

Gondolf, E. W., Mulvey, E. P. & Litz, C. W. (1989). Family violence
reported in a psychiatric emergency room. Journal of Family
Violence, 4 (3), 249-258.

Gondolf, E. W., Mulvey, E. P. & Lidz, C. W. (1990). Characteristics
of perpetrators of family and non-family assaults. Hospital and
Community Psychiatry, 41 (2), 191-193.

Goode, W. J. (1971). Force and violence in the family. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, 33, 624-635.

Graff, L. A. (1993). Postpartum depression symptoms: Testing a
Diathesis Stress model - The role of cognitive style, infant
related stress and marital adjustment and support.  An unpublished
dissertation. University of Manitoba: Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Greene, R. L. (1980). The MMPI, An Interpretive Manual. New York:
Grune & Straton, a subsiduary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Publishers.

Gustafson, R. (1985). Alcohol-related aggression: A further study of
the importance of frustration. Psychological Reports, 57, 683-697.

Gwartney-Gibbs, P. A., Stockard, J. & Bohmer, S. (1987). Learning
courtship aggression: The influence of parents, peers and personal
experiences. Family Relations, 36, 276-282.

Hale, G., Duckworth, J., Zimostrad, S. & Nicholas, D. (1988). Abusive
partners: MMPI profiles of male batterers. Journal of Mental Health
Counselling, 10 (4), 214-224.

Halli, S.S. & Rao, K. V. (1992). Advanced Techniques of Population
Analysis. New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press.

Hamberger. K. L. & Hastings, J. E. (1986). Personality correlates of
men who abuse their partners: A cross validation study. Journal of
Family Violence, 1 (4), 323-341.

Hamberger, L. K. & Hastings, J. (1988). Characteristics of male
spouse abusers consistent with personality disorders. Hospital and
Community Psychiatry, 39 (7), 763-770.

Hamberger, K. L. & Hastings, J. E. (1991). Personality correlates of
men who batter and nonviolent men: Some continuities and
discontinuities. Journal of Family Violence, 6 (2), 131-145.

Hamilton, C. J. & Collins, J. J. Jr. (1981). The role of alcohol in
wife beating and child abuse.  In J. J. Collins Jr. (Ed.), Drinking
and Crime: Perspectives on the Relationships between Alcohol
Consumption and Criminal Behaviour. New York, N. Y.: Guilford
Press.

Hampton, R. L., Gelles, R. J. & Harrop, J. W. (1989). Is violence in
black families increasing? A comparison of 1975 and 1985 national
survey rates. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 969-980.

Hauser, W. J. (1982). Differences in Relative Resources, Familial
Power and Spouse Abuse. Palo Alto, Calif.: R. & E. Research
Associates.

Hokanson, J. E. (1970). Psychophysiological evaluation of the
Catharsis Hypothesis. In E. I. Megargee and J. E. Hokanson (Eds.),
The Dynamics of Aggression. New York, N. Y.: Harper & Row,
Publishers.

Holmes, T. H. & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating
scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.

Hotaling, G. T. & Straus, M. A. (1980). Culture, social organization
and the irony in the study of family violence. In M. A. Straus and
G. T. Hotaling (Eds.)  The Social Causes of Husband-Wife Violence.
University of Minnesota press: Minneapolis, Minn.

Hotaling, G. T. & Sugarman, D. B. (1986). An analysis of risk markers
in husband to wife violence: The current state of knowledge.
Violence and Victims, 1 (2), 101-122.

Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D. A., Telford, A. & Austin, G. (1986). The impact
of police charges in incidents of wife abuse. Journal of Family
Violence, 1 (1), 37-49.

Jaffe, J. H., Babor, T. F. & Fishbein, D. H. (1988). Alcoholics,
aggression and antisocial personality. Journal of Studies on
Alcohol, 49 (3), 211-218.

Johnson, M. E. (1988). Correlates of early violence experiences among
men who are abusive toward female mates.  In G. Hotaling, D.
Finkelhor, J. T. Kirkpatrick & M. A. Straus (Eds.), Family Abuse
and its Consequences: New Directions in Research. Newbury Park,
Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc.

Jorge, M. R. & Mazur, J. (1985). The use of the short form alcohol
dependence data questionnaire (SADD) on Brazilian alcoholic
patients.  British Journal of Addiction, 80, 305-310.

Jouriles, E. N. & O'Leary, K. D. (1985). Interspousal reliability of
reports of marital violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 12 (3), 419-421.

Kalichman, S. C. (1988). MMPI profiles of women and men convicted of
domestic homicide. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44 (6), 847-853.

Kalmuss, D. (1984). The intergenerational transmission of marital
aggression. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 11-19.

Kalmuss, D. & Seltzer, J. A. (1986). Continuity of marital behaviour
in remarriage: The case of spouse abuse. Journal of Marriage and
the Family, 48, 113-120.

Kantor, G. K. & Straus, M. A. (1987). The "drunken bum" theory.
Social Problems, 34 (3), 213-230.

Kantor, G. K. & Straus, M. A. (1990). The "Drunken Bum" theory of
wife beating. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical
Violence in American Families. New Brunswick, New Hampshire:
Transaction Publishers.

Kaplan, A. G. (1988). How normal is normal development? Some
connections between adult development and the roots of abuse and
victimization.  In M. B. Straus (Ed.), Abuse and Victimization
Across the Lifespan. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins
University Press.

Kennedy, L. W. & Dutton, D. G. (1989). The incidence of wife assault
in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21 (1), 40-54.

Kerlinger, F. (1973). Review of Research in Education. Itasca,
Illinois: F. & E. Peacock.

Knight, R. A. & Hatty, S. E. (1987). Theoretical and methodological
perspectives on domestic violence: Implications for social actions.
Australian Journal of Social Issues, 22 (2), 452-464.

Krisha, K.P. (1980). Tobacco smoking among college students.  Indian
Journal of Social Work, 41 (2), 177-183.

Leonard, S. E., Bromet, E. J., Parkinson, M. D., Day, L. & Ryan, C.
M. (1985). Patterns of alcohol use and physically aggressive
behaviour in men. Studies on Alcohol, 46 (4), 279-282.

Livingston, L. R. (1986). Measuring domestic violence in an alcoholic
population. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 13 (4),
934-952.

Lloyd, S. (1990). Conflict types and strategies in violent marriages.
Journal of Family Violence, 5 (4), 269-283.

Lockhart, L. (1987). A re-examination of the effects of race and
social class on the incidence of marital violence: A search for
reliable differences. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49,
603-610.

Lockhart, L. & White, B. W. (1989). Understanding marital violence in
the black community. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4 (4),
421-436.

MacAndrew, C. (1980). Male alcoholics, secondary psychopathy and
Eysenck's theory of personality. Personality and Individual
Differences, 1, 151-160.

MacAndrew, C. (1965). The differentiation of male alcoholic
outpatients from nonalcoholic psychiatric outpatients by means of
the MMPI. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 26, 238-246.

Macleod, L. (1987). Battered But Not Beaten: Preventing Wife
Battering in Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Advisory Council on the
Status of Women.

Makepeace, J. (1981). Courtship violence among college students.
Family Relations, 30, 97-102.

Makepeace, J. (1983). Life events stress and courtship violence.
Family Relations, 32, 101-109.

Makepeace, J. (1986). Gender differences in courtship violence
victimization. Family Relations, 35, 383-388.

Makepeace, J. (1987). Social factor and victim-offender differences
in courtship violence. Family Relations, 36, 87-91.

Malamuth, N. M. (1988). Predicting laboratory aggression against
female and male targets: Implications for sexual aggression.
Journal of Research in Personality, 22 (4), 474-495.

Malone, J., Tyree, A. & O'Leary, K. D. (1989). Generalization and
containment: Different effects of past aggression for wives and
husbands. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 687-697.

Marie, S. (1984). Lesbian battering: An inside view. Victimology, 9
(1), 16-20.

Marshall, L. & Rose, P. (1990). Premarital violence: The impact of
family of origin, stress and reciprocity. Violence and Victims, 5
(1), 51-64.

Martin, D. (1985). Domestic violence: A sociological perspective. In
D. Martin & L. E. A. Walker (Eds.) The Male Batterer: A Treatment
Approach. New York, N. Y.: Springer Publishing Co.

Menard, S. (1991). Longitudinal Research. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage
Publications.

Neidig, P. H., Friedman, D. H. & Collins, B. S. (1985). Domestic
conflict containment: A spouse abuse treatment program. Social
Casework, 66 (4), 195- 204.

Nisonhoff, L. & Bitman, I. (1978). Spouse abuse: Incidence and
relationship to selected demographic variables. Victimology: An
International Journal, 21, 131- 140.

O'Leary, D. K. & Curley, A. D. (1986). Assertion and family violence:
Correlates of spouse abuse. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy,
12 (3), 281-289.

O'Leary, K. D., Barling, J., Arias, I. & Rosenbaum, A. (1989).
Prevalence and stability of physical aggression between spouses: A
longitudinal analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 57 (2), 263-268.

Ontario Association of Professional Social Workers (1987). Victims of
Violence: Battered Women. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Cataloguing in
Publication Data.

Peterson, D. (1991). Physically violent husbands of the 1890's and
their resources. Journal of Family Violence, 6 (1), 1-15.

Pleck, E., Pleck, J. H., Grossman, M. & Bart, P. B. (1978). The
battered data syndrome: A comment on Steinmetz's article.
Victimology, 2, 680-684.

Porkorny, A. D., Miller, B. A. & Kaplan, H. B. (1972). The brief
MAST: A shortened version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening
Test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 342-345.

Porter, S. J. (1985). Technology, stress and family violence: Some
issues in teaching social work practice. Journal of Sociology and
Social Welfare, 13 (1), 77-87.

Ptachek, J. (1988). The clinical literature on men who batter:  A
review and critique.  In G. T. Hotaling and M. A. Straus (Eds.),
Family Abuse and its Consequences: New Directions in Research.
Sage Publications: Newbury Park, California.

Raistrick, D., Dunbar, G. & Davidson, R. (1983).  Development of a
questionnaire to measure alcohol dependence.  British Journal of
Addiction, 78, 89-95.

Richardson, D. C. & Campbell, J. L. (1980). Alcohol and Wife Abuse:
The effects of alcohol on attributions of blame for wife abuse.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 51-56.

Roberts, A. R. (1988). Substance abuse among men who batter their
mates: The dangerous mix. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 5,
83-87.

Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Croughan, J. Williams, J. & Spitzer, R.
(1979). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview
Schedule: (DIS, Version II). Washington, D.C.:National Institute of
Mental Health.

Room, R. (1972). Drinking patterns in large U. S. cities: A
comparison of San Francisco and national samples.  Quarterly
Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 6, 28-57.

Roscoe, B. & Benaske, N. (1985). Courtship violence experienced by
abused wives: Similarities in patterns of abuse. Family Relations,
34, 419-424.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and Adolescent Self-image. Princeton,
New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Rosenberg, M. (1979). Group rejection and self-rejection. Research in
Community and Mental Health, 1, 3-20.

Rouse, L. P. (1988). Conflict tactics used by men in marital
disputes.  In G. Hotaling, D. Finkelhor, J. T. Kirkpatrick & M. A.
Straus (Eds.), Family Abuse and its Consequences: New Directions in
Research. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, Inc.

Rouse, L. P. (1990). The dominance motive in abusive partners:
Identifying couples at risk. Journal of College Student
Development, 31, 330-335.

Roy, M. K. (1977).  A research project probing a cross section of
battered women. In M. K. Roy (Ed.), Battered Women: A Psychological
Study of Domestic Violence.  New York, N. Y.: Van Nostrand
Reinhold.

Russell, D. E. H. (1982). Abusive husbands, alcohol and other drugs.
In D. E. H. Russell (Ed.), Rape in Marriage. New York: Macmillan
Publishing.

Russell, M. N., Lipov, E., Phillips, N. & White, b. (1989).
Psychological profiles of violent and nonviolent maritally
distressed couples. Psychotherapy, 26 (1), 81- 87.

SAS Institute Inc. (1986). SUGI Supplemental Library User's Guide
(Version 5 ed.). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.

Scarf, M. (1983). Marriages made in heaven? Battered Jewish wives. In
S. Heschel (Ed.). On Being a Jewish Feminist: A Reader. New York,
N. Y.: Schocken Books.

Scheurger, J. M. & Reigle, N. (1988). Personality and biographic data
that characterize men who abuse their wives. Journal of Clinical
Psychology, 44, (1), 75-81.

Schinke, S. P., Schilling, R. F., Barth, R. P., Gilchrist, L. D. &
Maxwell, J. S. (1986). Stress-management intervention to prevent
family violence. Journal of Family Violence, 1(1), 13-26.

Schulman, M. (1981). A Survey of Spousal Violence against Women in
Kentucky. Washington, D. C.: Department of Justice, Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration.

Seltzer, J. A. & Kalmuss, D. (1988). Socialization and stress
explanations for spouse abuse. Social Forces, 67 (2), 473-491.

Seltzer, M. L., Vinokur, A. & Rooijen, M. A. (1975). A
self-administered Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST).
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36 (1), 117-126.

Shapiro, R. J. (1982). Alcohol and family violence. Family Therapy
Collections, 3, 71-89.

Shields, N. M. & Hanneke, C. R. (1983). Attribution processes in
violent relationships: Perceptions of violent husbands and their
wives. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, (6), 515-527.

Shupe, A. & Stacey, W. (1987). Violent Men, Violent Couples.
Lexington, Mass: D. C. Heath & Company.

Simons, R. L., Johnson, C., Beaman, J. & Conger, R. D. (1993).
Explaining women's double jeopardy:  Factors that mediate the
association between harsh treatment as a child and violence by a
husband. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 713-723.

Sinclair, G. (1993, Nov. 8). Case-load a threat to court. Winnipeg
Free Press, p.1.

Smith, M. (1987). The incidence and prevalence of woman abuse in
Toronto. Violence and Victims, 2 (3), 173-187.

Solicitor General of Canada (1985). Canadian Urban Victimization
Study. Female Victims of Crime, Bulletin #4: Ottawa, Canada.

Sommer, R. (1990). Alcohol Consumption, Personality and Partner Abuse
within a Male Canadian Sample. An unpublished Master's Thesis,
University of Manitoba: Winnipeg, Canada.

Sommer, R., Barnes, G. E. & Murray, R. P. (Nov., 1990). Alcohol
Consumption, Personality and Partner Abuse within a Male Canadian
Sample. Paper presented at the National Council on Family
Relations, Seattle, Washington.

Sommer, R., Barnes, G. E. & Murray, R. P. (1991). Sex differences in
partner abuse: Implications for treatment. Unpublished manuscript.
University of Manitoba:  Winnipeg, Canada.

Sommer, R., Barnes, G. E. & Murray, R. P. (1992). Alcohol
consumption, alcohol dependence, personality and female perpetrated
spousal abuse. Personality and Individual Differences, 13 (12),
1315-1323.

Sommer, R. (1993). A critical review of prevention strategies for
child abuse, spouse abuse and elder abuse. Unpublished paper.
University of Manitoba: Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Spielberger, C. D. (1970). Current Topics in Clinical and Community
Psychology. New York, N. Y.: Academic Press.

Stacey, W. & Shupe, A. (1983). The Family Secret: Domestic Violence
in America. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press.

Stacy, A. W., Newcomb, M. D. & Bentler, P. M. (1991). Personality,
problem drinking and drunk driving: Mediating, moderating and
direct-effect models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
60 (5), 795-811.

Staples, R. (1976). Race and family violence: The internal
colonialism perspective. In L. Gary and L. Brown (Eds.), Crime and
Its Impact on the Black Community. Washington, D.C.: Howard
University.

Star, B. (1983).  Helping the Abuser: Intervening Effectively in
Family Violence. New York, N. Y.: Family Services Association of
America.

Stark, E., Flitcraft, A. & Frazier, W. (1979). Medicine and
patriarchal violence: The social construction of a private  event.
International Journal of Health Services, 9, 461-493.

Statistics Canada (1988). Homicide in Canada, 1987: A Statistical
Perspective. Ottawa, Ontario: Minister of Supply and Services
Canada.

Steinmetz, S. K. (1977). The Cycle of Violence: Assertive, Aggressive
and Abusive Family Interactions. Praeger Publishers: New York, N.
Y.

Steinmetz, S. K. (1978). The battered husband syndrome. Victimology,
2 (3-4), 499- 509.

Stets, J. E. & Pirog-Good, M. A.(1989). Patterns of physical and
sexual abuse for men and women in dating relationships. Journal of
Family Violence, 4 (1), 63- 76.

Stets, J. E. & Straus, M. A. (1989). The marriage license as a
hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting and
married couples. Journal of Family Violence, 4 (2), 161-180.

Stets, J. E. (1990). Verbal and physical aggression in marriage.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 501-514. 

Stewart, C., Senger, M. M., Kallen, D. & Scheurer, S. (1987). Family
violence in stable middle class homes. Social Work, 32, 529-531.

Straus, M. (1974). Leveling, civility and violence in the family.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 36, 13-29.

Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamilial conflict and violence:
The Conflict (CT) Scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41,
75-88.

Straus, M. A. (1980). A sociological perspective on the causes of
family violence. In M. Greene (Ed.) Violence and the Family.
Westview Press: Boulder Colorado.

Straus, M. A., Gelles, R. J. & Steinmetz, S. K. (1980). Behind Closed
Doors: Violence in the American Family. Anchor: New York, N. Y.

Straus, M. A. & Gelles, R. J. (1986). Societal change and change in
family violence from 1975-1985 as revealed by two national surveys.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 465-479.

Straus, M. A. & Gelles, R. J. (1988). How violent are American
Families: Estimates from the National Violence Resurvey and other
studies. In G. T. Hotaling, D. Finkelhor, J. T. Kirkpatrick & M. A.
Straus (Eds.) Family Abuse and its Consequences: New Direction in
Research. Sage Publications: Newbury Park, Calif.

Straus, M. A. & Gelles, R. J. (1990). Physical Violence in American
Families. Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick.

Straus, M. B. (1988). Abuse and Victimization Across the Life Span.
Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Szinovacz, M. E. (1983). Using couple data as a methodological tool:
The case of marital violence. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
45, 633-644.

Teichman, M. & Teichman, Y. (1989). Violence in the family: An
analysis of interpersonal resource-exchange. Journal of Family
Violence, 4 (2), 127-142.

Telch, C. F. & Lindquist, C. U. (1984). Violent versus nonviolent
couples: A comparison of patterns, Psychotherapy, 21, 242-248.

Thompson, E. H. (1991). The maleness of violence in dating
relationships: An appraisal of stereotypes. Sex Roles, 24, (5/6),
261-278.

Tolman, R. M. & Bennett, L. W. (1990). A review of quantitative
research on men who batter. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5
(1), 87-118.

Torrubia, R. & Muntaner, C. (1987). Relationships between
psychoticism and a number of personality measures: A comparison
between the original and revised versions of the Psychoticism
scale. Journal of Individual Differences, 8 (2), 261-263.

U. S. Department of Justice (1980). Intimate victims: A study of
violence among friends and relatives. Washington, D. C.: U.S.
Government printing Office.

Van Hasselt, V. B., Morrison, R. L. & Bellack, A. S. (1985). Alcohol
use in wife abusers and their spouses. Addictive Behaviours, 10,
127-135.

Walker, L. E. (1979). The Battered Woman. New York, N. Y.: Harper &
Row, Publishers.

Weidman, A. (1986). Family therapy with violent couples. Social
Casework, 67, 211- 218.

Williams, O. (1990). Spouse abuse: Social learning, attributions and
interventions. Journal of Health and Social Policy, 1 (2), 91-107.

Wilson, G. D. (1981). Personality and social behaviour.  In H. J.
Eysenck (Ed.), A Model for Personality. Berlin Heidelberg, Germany:
Springer-Verlag.

Wilson, S. J. (1990). Patterns of family violence. In M. Baker (Ed.),
Families: Changing Trends in Canada. Toronto,  Ontario: McGraw-Hill
Ryerson. Ltd.

Table of Contents

___________
Updates:
2001 02 10 (format changes)